Linux has an abundance of excellent terminal applications. Interestingly, I could not find any decent comparison of their text display performance. Since I use the command line a lot, I want text output that is as fast as possible. When you compile a large project, you don’t want the console output to be the limiting [...]

This is a very condensed excerpt of the excellent article How to install ANYTHING in Ubuntu.
Search, install, remove available packages (preferred method)
sudo aptitude search ABC
sudo aptitude install ABC
sudo aptitude remove ABC
.deb (you have to take care of dependencies on your own)
sudo dpkg -i ABC.deb
.rpm (requires sudo aptitude install alien)
sudo alien -i *.rpm
.tar.gz (requires sudo aptitude [...]